Updated May 2026 · BLS OEWS 2024
How to Become a Underwater Welder (2024)
Welding · 5-year apprenticeship · SOC 51-4121
Underwater Welders earn a national median of $54,982 per 2024 BLS data, with the 90th percentile reaching $88,200 in Seattle. The standard path is a 5-year registered apprenticeship — paid from day one, no four-year degree required.
What Does a Underwater Welder Do?
Underwater welders (commercial divers who weld) perform welding and cutting operations beneath the surface of water for offshore oil platforms, ships, pipelines, and bridges.
Day-to-Day Responsibilities
- Perform wet and dry (hyperbaric) welding underwater
- Inspect underwater structures for damage
- Cut and remove damaged metal components
- Install underwater pipelines and platforms
- Operate diving equipment and maintain life support systems
The Path: How to Become a Underwater Welder
- 1
Finish high school or earn a GED
Most apprenticeships require a high school diploma or GED. Strong math (especially algebra and geometry) and reading skills matter for trade exams and blueprint work. - 2
Find a registered apprenticeship
Search apprenticeship.gov for registered programs in your area. Programs are sponsored by unions, contractor associations, or individual employers. Application windows are usually annual. - 3
Complete the 5-year apprenticeship
Apprentices spend roughly 10000+ hours on the job paired with a journeyman, plus 144 classroom hours per year. Pay starts around $49,210 and steps up each year — see the timeline below. - 4
Pass the journeyman exam
Most states require a written + practical exam to earn the journeyman license. The exam covers code knowledge, safety, and practical work scenarios. Pass rates vary 50-80% on the first attempt. - 5
Earn certifications and (optionally) the master license
Layer on specialty certifications (ADCI Commercial Diving certification) to access higher-paying work. Most states offer a master license after 2-4 additional years of journeyman experience — required for independent contracting in many states. - 6
Climb to the top decile
Top earners ($88,200 in Seattle) typically reach the 90th percentile through specialization, foreman/supervisor roles, union membership, or running a small contracting business.
Underwater Welder Apprentice Pay Timeline
Hourly wage progression based on industry-standard apprenticeship pay schedules. Actual rates vary by local union or contractor agreement.
| Year | Stage | Hourly | Annual (2,080 hr) | % of Journeyman |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | Apprentice | $40/hr | $83,200 | 154% |
| Year 2 | Apprentice 2 | $50/hr | $104,000 | 192% |
| Year 3 | Apprentice 3 | $60/hr | $124,800 | 231% |
| Year 4 | Apprentice 4 | $75/hr | $156,000 | 288% |
| Year 5 | Pre-journeyman | $90/hr | $187,200 | 346% |
| Journeyman | Licensed | $26/hr | $54,982 | 100% |
| Master / Top 10% | Specialist / Foreman | $42/hr | $88,200 | 160% |
Required Certifications & Licenses
- ✓ADCI Commercial Diving certification
- ✓AWS D3.6 Underwater Welding certification
- ✓First aid and CPR for divers
- ✓Hyperbaric welding certification
Skills You'll Need to Build
Work Environment
Underwater welders work in oceans, rivers, lakes, and tanks. Extremely hazardous, risk of drowning, decompression sickness, electric shock, and hypothermia. Extended time away from home on offshore rigs.
Job Outlook
Niche but well-paying specialty. Demand driven by offshore energy, ship repair, and infrastructure maintenance. Inland dive welding for bridge and dam maintenance growing.
Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Underwater Welder Pay by City
The highest-paying metros for underwater welders, with cost-of-living-adjusted pay so you can compare real take-home.
| City | Median | Top 10% | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seattle, WA | $64,510 | $88,200 | D |
| San Francisco, CA | $63,890 | $102,200 | F |
| Boston, MA | $62,240 | $84,230 | D |
| Portland, OR | $60,940 | $82,930 | D |
| New York, NY | $60,840 | $96,590 | F |
| New Orleans, LA | $60,590 | $82,330 | C |
| Minneapolis, MN | $60,340 | $75,610 | C |
| Salt Lake City, UT | $58,930 | $78,460 | C |
| Denver, CO | $58,700 | $77,080 | D |
| Los Angeles, CA | $58,200 | $89,180 | D |
Frequently Asked Questions
Most underwater welders complete a 5-year registered apprenticeship — typically 10000+ hours of paid on-the-job training plus 144 classroom hours per year. After completing the apprenticeship and passing the journeyman exam, you can work independently. Master-level certification (where applicable) usually takes another 2-4 years of journeyman experience.
No. Underwater Welders do not require a four-year college degree. The standard credential is a journeyman license earned through a paid apprenticeship registered with the U.S. Department of Labor at https://www.apprenticeship.gov/. Some workers complete a 1- or 2-year certificate at a community or trade college before applying — but the journeyman license is what employers actually require.
Underwater Welder apprentices typically start at $49,210 per year (10th percentile) and progress upward each year of the apprenticeship. By year 4, pay usually reaches the 50th percentile around $54,982. All training is paid — apprentices are W-2 employees of contractors or unions, not students paying tuition.
Common underwater welder certifications include: ADCI Commercial Diving certification; AWS D3.6 Underwater Welding certification; First aid and CPR for divers; Hyperbaric welding certification. Most states also require a journeyman license; some have a separate master license for independent work.
Underwater Welders earn a national median of $54,982 (Trade Pay Score grade C), wages have grown 4% over the past 5 years, and the BLS counts roughly 124,810 underwater welder jobs nationwide. The work is physically demanding and the apprenticeship is real, but the trade clears the bar for living-wage, debt-free career entry.
The U.S. Department of Labor maintains a searchable database of registered apprenticeship programs at https://www.apprenticeship.gov/. Local building trades councils, IBEW/UA/IUPAT/IBB union halls, and trade school career offices also place candidates directly. Most apprenticeships have one open application window per year — check listings early.
Wage figures from BLS OEWS 2024. Apprentice pay schedules from industry-standard registered programs. Career outlook from BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook 2032 projections.