Updated 2025 · Plumbing
How to Become a Plumber
Plumbers install and repair piping systems that carry water, gas, and waste in residential and commercial buildings. They read blueprints, cut and join pipes, and ensure systems meet building codes.
Steps to Become a Plumber
- Meet basic requirements — You must be at least 18 years old with a high school diploma or GED. A strong foundation in math, physics, and shop classes helps.
- Apply to an apprenticeship program — Plumber apprenticeships last 4 years and combine on-the-job training with classroom instruction. Apply through your local union (IBEW, UA, etc.) or a non-union contractor program. You earn while you learn from day one.
- Complete required training — Complete 8000 hours of on-the-job training and related classroom instruction.
- Earn certifications — Required certifications include: State journeyman plumber license, Master plumber license, Backflow prevention certification, OSHA 10/30-Hour.
- Pass the journeyman exam — After completing your apprenticeship, pass the journeyman licensing exam in your state to earn full journeyman status and pay.
What Does a Plumber Do?
Plumbers install and repair piping systems that carry water, gas, and waste in residential and commercial buildings. They read blueprints, cut and join pipes, and ensure systems meet building codes.
Daily Duties
- Install pipes, fixtures, and appliances (water heaters, dishwashers)
- Read blueprints and building codes
- Cut, thread, and solder pipes
- Test systems for leaks using pressure gauges
- Clear drains and repair or replace damaged pipes
Skills Needed
- Pipe fitting and soldering
- Blueprint reading
- Building code knowledge
- Drain cleaning
- Water system design
Required Certifications
- State journeyman plumber license
- Master plumber license
- Backflow prevention certification
- OSHA 10/30-Hour
Plumber Salary (2025)
The national median plumber salary is $64,109 per year. Pay ranges from $54,720 in the lowest-paying metro to $86,700 in the highest-paying metro. See the full plumber salary breakdown by city.
Apprentice Pay Progression
Plumber apprentices earn while they learn, starting at approximately 40% of journeyman pay:
| Year | % of Journeyman | Estimated Annual |
|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | 40% | $25,644 |
| Year 2 | 57% | $36,542 |
| Year 3 | 73% | $46,800 |
| Year 4 | 90% | $57,698 |
| Journeyman | 100% | $64,109 |
Union vs Non-Union Plumber Pay
Union plumbers earn 31% more than non-union workers — $36.85/hour union vs $28.13/hour non-union. Approximately 24.8% of plumbers are union members. See the full union vs non-union comparison.
Work Environment
Plumbers work in residential homes, commercial buildings, and construction sites. Work involves tight spaces, exposure to sewage, and physical demands including lifting heavy materials and working in trenches.
Career Outlook
Employment projected to grow 2% from 2022-2032. Demand driven by new construction and the need to replace aging water infrastructure. Shortages in many metro areas create strong job security.
Frequently Asked Questions
The national median salary for a plumber is $64,109 per year (2025 BLS data). Pay ranges from $54,720 to $86,700 depending on location, with top earners in the 90th percentile making significantly more.
It takes 4 years to complete a plumber apprenticeship. During this time, you earn while you learn — starting at approximately 40-50% of journeyman wages and receiving annual raises.
No college degree is required to become a plumber. The primary path is through an apprenticeship program or trade school. You will need to earn specific certifications: State journeyman plumber license and Master plumber license.
Plumber earns a Trade Pay Score grade of B, meaning it rates well on pay relative to cost of living, wage growth, and demand. Employment projected to grow 2% from 2022-2032. Demand driven by new construction and the need to replace aging water infrastructure. Shortages in many metro areas create strong job security.
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